Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi
, Amir-Hossein Olfati, Azam Safary
*
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are chronic disorders characterized by dysregulated immunity and loss of self-tolerance. Although significant progress has been made in the management of IMIDs, challenges such as drug resistance, immunogenicity, and limited accessibility continue to impede clinical outcomes. Achieving sustained remission necessitates a transition toward precision medicine that addresses fundamental disease mechanisms. This study examines recent advances in molecular interventions, including cytokine inhibitors, kinase modulators, and B-cell therapies, and emphasizes how these approaches improve remission rates and reduce relapses. Additionally, emerging platforms such as RNA therapeutics, nanomedicine, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapies are discussed, with a focus on their potential to enhance efficacy and prolong clinical response duration. Integrating these innovations with artificial intelligence to identify therapeutic targets, predict patient responses, and optimize drug development is essential to realizing truly personalized, more successful treatments for IMIDs.